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Post by lowell on Feb 10, 2017 2:22:02 GMT -6
This could be the room temperature superconductor. link"The researchers predict that metallic hydrogen might be a room-temperature superconductor and could possibly exist, once created, at normal pressures. This would mean it could be could potentially be used to make superconducting wires that carry electricity vast distances without dissipating any power. The team also speculates that metallic hydrogen is so energy-dense that it could one day be used to create rocket fuel vastly more potent than anything we have at present – revolutionising how we put things in space." link
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Post by carpathianpeasant on Feb 11, 2017 16:59:59 GMT -6
Well, I flunked science (chemistry) in 1953, and still don't get much of it, so I can't say much unless you make the stuff very simple.
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Post by lowell on Feb 12, 2017 14:51:39 GMT -6
Hydrogen is the smallest possible atom. The typical hydrogen atom has only one proton and only one electron. It has never before existed in a solid state. This compressed hydrogen may exist in a solid state, but if it exists in a liquid state at room temperature and normal pressure, it will also be useful.
Hydrogen combines with many other elements because it is willing to share or give up its electron. The most notable is H2O which is water. It has two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen.
I think most of the hydrogen on Earth exists as water, but it is also found in combination with other elements in many organic compounds.
The Sun is primarily hydrogen that is fusing into helium due to the immense pressure and heat of the Sun.
If this experiment is repeatable and if it can be engineered to produce large quantities of metallic hydrogen, this will be one of those most remarkable of discoveries.
Deuterium is also hydrogen but besides an electron and a proton, it also has a neutron. Tritium is the heaviest form of hydrogen and it has two neutrons. These forms of hydrogen are useful in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
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Post by carpathianpeasant on Feb 12, 2017 18:06:23 GMT -6
Hydrogen is the smallest possible atom. The typical hydrogen atom has only one proton and only one electron. It has never before existed in a solid state. This compressed hydrogen may exist in a solid state, but if it exists in a liquid state at room temperature and normal pressure, it will also be useful. Hydrogen combines with many other elements because it is willing to share or give up its electron. The most notable is H2O which is water. It has two atoms of hydrogen and one atom of oxygen. I think most of the hydrogen on Earth exists as water, but it is also found in combination with other elements in many organic compounds. The Sun is primarily hydrogen that is fusing into helium due to the immense pressure and heat of the Sun.If this experiment is repeatable and if it can be engineered to produce large quantities of metallic hydrogen, this will be one of those most remarkable of discoveries. Deuterium is also hydrogen but besides an electron and a proton, it also has a neutron. Tritium is the heaviest form of hydrogen and it has two neutrons. These forms of hydrogen are useful in nuclear fission and nuclear fusion. Yes, that's the kind of stuff I need. In regard to this: "The Sun is primarily hydrogen that is fusing into helium due to the immense pressure and heat of the Sun." What's this fusing business, and if the sun is hydrogen (a gas?) where is the pressure coming from, and the heat?
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Post by lowell on Feb 13, 2017 3:03:25 GMT -6
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The theory is that after the big bang and the rapid expansion of the universe, hydrogen was the only element that existed. The hydrogen clumped together, into nebulae, or clouds of hydrogen, perhaps from the echoes of the big bang and partly from gravity. Then the clouds further condensed into what became planets like Jupiter and Saturn and Suns. The early Suns were more likely to be huge, giant red Suns. The gravity of such a massive object creates incredible pressure and with that pressure very high temperatures in its core. That pressure and heat affected the protons that were Hydrogen atoms and caused them to bond with each other and become Helium. Eventually when enough Helium had been made, the giant red Sun bonded the Helium and Hydrogen to make Lithium, and bonded Helium and another Helium and made Beryllium and so on until Iron was made. Then the giant red Sun collapsed on itself and became a Supernova during which, heavier larger atoms were created. The Hydrogen in the core of Suns exists in a liquid form that is termed plasma due to the pressure. The protons are separated from their electrons and the interaction creates very strong magnetic currents and storms.
Jupiter is a very large primarily Hydrogen, planet. But it would need to be about 75 times larger to become a Sun.
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Post by lowell on Feb 13, 2017 3:13:00 GMT -6
The curious thing for me, is the fact that nuclear fusion (the forming of nuclear bonds) releases tremendous energy, and yet the breaking of those bonds through nuclear fission also releases tremendous energy. It is easier to fission elements like uranium and plutonium than it is to fuse hydrogen into helium, and destruction is typically easier than construction, but it seems to be a paradox of sorts that both can be used to create energy.
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Post by carpathianpeasant on Feb 13, 2017 5:51:43 GMT -6
Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. The theory is that after the big bang and the rapid expansion of the universe, hydrogen was the only element that existed. The hydrogen clumped together, into nebulae, or clouds of hydrogen, perhaps from the echoes of the big bang and partly from gravity. Then the clouds further condensed into what became planets like Jupiter and Saturn and Suns. The early Suns were more likely to be huge, giant red Suns. The gravity of such a massive object creates incredible pressure and with that pressure very high temperatures in its core. That pressure and heat affected the protons that were Hydrogen atoms and caused them to bond with each other and become Helium. Eventually when enough Helium had been made, the giant red Sun bonded the Helium and Hydrogen to make Lithium, and bonded Helium and another Helium and made Beryllium and so on until Iron was made. Then the giant red Sun collapsed on itself and became a Supernova during which, heavier larger atoms were created. The Hydrogen in the core of Suns exists in a liquid form that is termed plasma due to the pressure. The protons are separated from their electrons and the interaction creates very strong magnetic currents and storms. Jupiter is a very large primarily Hydrogen, planet. But it would need to be about 75 times larger to become a Sun. I certainly didn't know this: Hydrogen is the most abundant element in the universe. Will be back to study this more when I have time (day or two), but does this all mean that everything can be reduced to a state of being hydrogen?
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Post by lowell on Feb 14, 2017 14:28:04 GMT -6
There is a theory that everything is being pushed apart by dark energy. Some physicists postulate that eventually we will not be able to see other galaxies and that even subatomic particles will be pushed away from each other. It is called the theory of the big rip. If this is the fate of the universe, then yes, everything will eventually become single protons and neutrons and electrons (and other subatomic particles). Without the opportunity to bump into other particles it is believed that the vibrational energy of particles would dissipate and they would reach a temperature of absolute zero and cease to exist.
"In physical cosmology, the Big Rip is a hypothetical cosmological model concerning the ultimate fate of the universe, in which the matter of the universe, from stars and galaxies to atoms and subatomic particles, and even spacetime itself, is progressively torn apart by the expansion of the universe at a certain time in the future."
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